Fooglmog, of course a countries greatness can be quantified. It can be done through a science called economics. They have within the study of economics what are called economic indicators. This is the quantitative data you are looking for. It includes GDP, GDP per capita, PPP, CPI, Inflation, Interest, Debt to GDP etc... Now all you have to do is be able to make a reasonable deduction. For example;

Country A has GDPPPP of 100, inflation is 190%, debt to GDP is 411%, interest is 88% and A has a population of 150. Country B has GDPPPP of 600,000, inflation of 1.3%, debt to GDP of 14%, interest is 3.4% and B has a population of 150. Which nation is greater? B is obviously the better country.